This dissertation has objectives as (1) to study the context, problematic condition, impediment, and means in conciliation, (2) to study the principle of advantageous conditions (Sappāya) in Theravada Buddhism, and (3) to develop the principle of advantageous conditions (Sappāya) for an efficiency improvement in conciliation. This research is a qualitative research focusing on the documentary research and the interview with experts in conciliation and Theravada Buddhism.
The results of this research were as follows:
The conciliation should acquire the development of inner peace or mental environment meaning the inner environment which was the factors resulting in feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. For the outer peace, the meaning was about the environmental structure system which was supportive to the success in mediation; or the physical environment meaning the environment which consisted of material things surrounding our physical body. For the social environment, the meaning was about the environment that composed of various interaction or relationship between people. The influence of an outer environment could have an effect attitude, conscious, and personal behavior (inner environment).
The 7 principles of Sappāya are (1) Āvāsa-sappāya means suitable abode or temple, edge of a forest, trunk of a tree, meditation center, monk’s cell, monastery, empty dwelling with calmness and comfort. (2) Gocara-sappāya means pavement, convenient road which was not too far or too closed, not too inconvenient in receiving food offerings. Moreover, inside the suitable resort, there should be pavement for the practitioners. (3) Bhassa-sappāya means conversation, speech, listening which were the conversation about usefulness in practice, the listening about things which would support faith, diligence, endeavor, calmness and suppression, in order to advance the perseverance. (4) Puggala-sappāya means persons living together, persons contacting together should be persons who were persistence in morality, reclusive, modest, and persuasive into the beneficial way in perseverance. (5) Bhojana-sappāya means the food intake should be appropriate to an individual condition. After consumption, it should not create any painful feelings. (6) Utu-sappāya means suitable climate; hotness and coldness of seasonal climate which should not be too hot or too cold resulting in the personal illness. (7) Iriyāpatha-sappāya means suitable posture; and movement, stand, walk, sit, sleep. It any posture created uncomfortable mind, it might be because the unsuitable posture so the practitioner should refrain from that one and used only if necessary.
A Development of Sappāya Principle for Efficiency Improvement in Conciliation was a development in different areas of environment. This would support the mediation to reach the target goal with satisfaction from every party which was (1) Āvāsa-sappāya means building, venue, mediation room was clean, suitable and enough for the conciliation. (2) Gocara-sappāya means the convenient transportation, clear direction signboard, and systematic building plan. (3) Bhassa-sappāya means the systematic and procedure in communication, conversation, discussion, and joint solution. (4) Puggala-sappāya means the mediator should acquire knowledge, ability, technique, and experience in handling the conciliation in order to end the dispute but still maintaining the good relationship between all parties. (5) Bhojana-sappāya means the appropriate food and drinks catering and serving during the mediation. (6) Utu-sappāya means the temperature control, air ventilation, light and color inside the mediation room, and sound during the mediation. (7) Iriyāpatha-sappāya means the appropriateness of all parties in well manners, suitable for time and place, professional ethics, and the seat arrangement in mediation should be suitable for movement.
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